![]() In looking at options for transportation (including the development of ultralight, electricity-powered automobiles), energy use, building design, and waste reduction and disposal, the book’s reach is phenomenal. Hawken and the Lovinses acknowledge such barriers as the high initial costs of some techniques, lack of knowledge of alternatives, entrenched ways of thinking and other cultural factors. The authors have two related goals: first, to show the vast array of ecologically smart options available to businesses second, to argue that it is possible for society and industry to adopt them. The story culminates in the development of the first Transition currencies, the Totnes, Lewes, Stroud and Brixton Pounds.įrom amazon: Hawken (The Ecology of Commerce) and Amory and Hunter Lovins of the Rocky Mountain Institute, an environmental think tank, have put together an ambitious, visionary monster of a book advocating “natural capitalism.” The short answer to the logical question (What is natural capitalism?) is that it is a way of thinking that seeks to apply market principles to all sources of material value, most importantly natural resources. Local Money draws on the long history of local currencies, from Local Exchange Trading Systems and -time banks- to paper currencies such as BerkShares, Ithaca -Hours- and German regional currencies, which circulate between local businesses as an alternative to their losing trade to the -big box- retailers. It explains how alternative currencies can work with local banks and credit unions to strengthen the local economy, supporting the local production of necessities such as food and energy while helping to reduce the community-s carbon emissions. This book is an inspiring guide that helps you understand what money is and how you can create money that stays in the community – building loyalty between consumers and local traders rather than losing wealth to the corporate chain stores. In past recessions and depressions across the world, communities have done just that – by creating their own forms of money. We need to think urgently about how to reclaim the power that the bankers hold. The economic crisis and the bailing out of the banks by taxpayers has made us all aware of the vulnerability of our financial system. So your German friend is wrong - possibly influenced by repeating an oversimplified 'rule' she learned in school, or by the fact that the present perfect in German is typically used with expressions of both finished and unfinished time.From amazon: Local Money is an exciting and practical guide to creating local currencies – showing how they can help us unleash the power of our communities to build a resilient economic future. the childhood of a now adult), then you need to use the past simple: If you are referring to a finished period of time (e.g. ![]() So, for example, if you are just on your way to bed (and hence you conceive of today as finished time), then you would ask: Did you see Mary today? Have they played golf since coming to Germany?īut if the speaker is referring to a period of finished time, then the simple past is used. It is the reason why the present perfect is used with other expressions that imply unfinished time: The present perfect ( have/has + past participle) is used because in your life is conceived of as unfinished time. The ever in questions such as Have you ever flown a kite? can be understood as in your life to this present moment.
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